Regulatory Outlook for Chlorpyrifos in India: Policy Developments, Market Drivers, Restriction Scenarios and Future Prospects (2026–2031)
Author : Rajat Srivastava
Abstract :
Chlorpyrifos, a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide, has historically played an important role in Indian agriculture because of its effectiveness against a wide range of soil- and foliage-dwelling insect pests and its relatively low cost. It is used in several agricultural and non-agricultural applications, including pest management in field crops, termite control and other specialised applications. However, growing concerns regarding human health, environmental persistence, non-target toxicity and international trade requirements have placed the molecule under increasing regulatory scrutiny.
The decision adopted at the twelfth Conference of the Parties (COP-12) to the Stockholm Convention in May 2025 to list chlorpyrifos under Annex A, with specific exemptions, represents a significant development in its global regulatory status. The amendment is scheduled to enter into force on 16 December 2026, with registered specific exemptions generally expiring five years after entry into force, unless an extension is granted. Consequently, the exemption period is expected to extend to December 2031 rather than May 2030.
For India, the regulatory outlook over the next five years is likely to be characterised by a gradual transition rather than an immediate nationwide prohibition. Agricultural dependence, farmer affordability, availability of effective alternatives, domestic manufacturing interests and food-security considerations may influence the pace of regulatory action. Conversely, international treaty obligations, export-related residue requirements, environmental concerns and increasing judicial and public-health scrutiny could accelerate restrictions.
This review examines the evolving regulatory framework for chlorpyrifos in India, evaluates the likelihood of direct prohibition versus phased withdrawal, identifies factors influencing its continued market presence, and assesses the agricultural and non-agricultural applications most likely to receive regulatory consideration. It also discusses potential post-exemption scenarios and the strategic implications for the Indian agrochemical industry.
Keywords :
Chlorpyrifos, India, pesticide regulation, Stockholm Convention, Annex A, organophosphates, crop protection, pesticide alternatives, regulatory outlook, agrochemical industry.
