India and the Global Population Surge: Exploring Sustainable Solutions
Author : Arijmand Shahid Tramboo, Dr. Omar Fayaz Khan, Dr. Ubair Nisar and Dr. Bilal Ahmad Sheikh
Abstract :
While the population is growing at an alarming rate globally, with estimates by the United Nations expected to grow from 7.6 billion in the current year to 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion at the turn of the 21st century. Driven by about 83 million people every year, such rapid growth raises the question: does population growth act as a driver to socio-economic progress or it pose a significant challenge to sustainability? This review critically examines the multifaceted dimensions of this debate, with a particular emphasis on India, which is poised as the world’s most populous nation. The paper begins by assessing global and regional population trends, highlighting the contrasting experiences of rapidly growing low-income nations and aging developed countries. It then focuses on India’s demographic profile, characterized by a large youth population, declining fertility rates, and increasing urbanization, to explore how these dynamics influence the country’s pursuit of sustainable development. Key challenges associated with population growth including environmental degradation, resource scarcity, infrastructural stress, and social inequality are examined in detail. In addressing these challenges, the review proposes a set of policy measures aimed at fostering sustainable development within the framework of demographic change. These include enhancing access to education and healthcare, promoting gender equity, investing in sustainable urban infrastructure, and adopting efficient natural resource management strategies. The paper argues that, while rapid population growth presents substantial obstacles, it also offers opportunities for inclusive development and economic resilience when supported by forward-looking and equity-oriented policies.
Keywords :
Population, India, Sustainable.
